The Biggie In Taking Our Country Back Is To Rescind Amendment XVII

The two houses of Congress are both “representatives of the people” since the passage of Amendment XVII a century ago. Only one house should be representing the people. The other house, the senate, is supposed to represent the states. A century ago, the amendment told the state governments to pack up their reps and vacate Washington, D.C. What little excuse there had ever been for calling the national government a federation, was gone. The D.C. government thereby transformed itself into an empire over the inert state governments.

The succeeding century has been a disaster, legislative wise. The only reason the Founders gave the senators six-year terms and the house members two-year terms was because the house members were essentially the appointers of the senate members. Senate members were to act as more mature councilors who would act as a brake on sharp changes of legislative direction. They were to be the more deliberative body.

Now, let’s throw a few jokers into the shuffle of the cards. That’s exactly what the states did in 1789 as they assigned two representative bodies to a newly unified people. One body of reps should have been enough. So, should the state assembly reps be appointing U.S. Senators or should the U.S. house be appointing the senators. At this point, logic is lost and absolute nonsense takes over. The states bungled the setting up of the system.

Meanwhile, the U.S. house was incrementally increasing its district populations from an original of 40,000 to 700,000, thereby losing any pretense of local control by the electorate over their reps.  Democrats and Republicans began originating the reps and voters could only choose between two foreigners. It was in the middle of this two century trend that the U.S. senators made their big move to partisanship in the evolving system. They quietly pushed Amendment XVII to its passage without either party taking a position on it. The Founders had provided no mechanism for their popular election. They became freelancing politicians not unlike loose cannons on the deck in the D.C. government.

We have lost the few virtues of our system because of outright fraud and deceit. We have never had the pleasure of living under the federated system that should have been set up.

Let’s rewrite No. XVII and establish the elusive federation instead of sabotaging it. It should say that the U.S. house should be the grand assembly of the houses of the fifty states. Every person should be living in a standardized grid of home districts of somewhere between 30,000 and 50,000.  Our present five make-believe reps should be elected to the new single grid of reps. The new set of reps should have full authority to operate the federal system of fifty-one governments. They will hold a convention in their state, and elect all state officers. Then, as one body, they will elect the two national executives. 

If we want to take our country back, let’s follow the above instructions. Look carefully and you will find all of the above in the original Constitution.

Federalism’s Machinery Has Never Been Assembled Properly

We have never known real federalism, the ultimate machinery that organizes sovereign states to act as one. What the thirteen states created in 1789 was a new nation consisting of 13 states and a union of peoples determined to make the new nation work no matter how it was assembled. This union of peoples was not the federation we like to think we have.

We have never interpreted the Constitution as a sketchy, partial outline of its deeper implications as it discusses Electoral Colleges and Congressional Districts. We totally scorn Electoral Colleges and have allowed Congressional Districts to degenerate into shameful conglomerates of partisan politics. When those two mechanical parts are fully understood and integrated into their proper places in the federation, this nation will have the federalism that the Constitution attempted to create.

We avidly follow the quadrennial conventions of the two major parties. One of those conventions always produces the next President. A select few people run those conventions. Grassroots voters have to jump through hoops to participate. The Founders had exactly the same thing in mind as they designed the Electoral College, except that the Founders wanted all voters to participate in choosing their President. And, with true federalism, the Founders would have all voters choosing their state officials, also.

Electoral Colleges are the grassroots voters’ state conventions, and their national convention. Their elected reps were supposed to go to those places first after they were elected. The Founders wanted those reps to have full responsibility for the running of the federation.  Therefore, they were to complete the election process and come up with a full set of state and federal officials for the next four years before adjourning.  This process takes political parties almost entirely out of their proposed system.  The only partisan infections at the conventions would have been sent there by local districts.

The second vital part is the Congressional District which furnishes the people who go to the Electoral Colleges. Tragic experience has shown that diluting a district of 40,000 persons by adding 660,000 more persons, destroys local people’s ability to make intelligent choices of reps. This forces them into political parties and destroys the system the Founders intended. Students of government should be watching for results from districts of varying populations. What size district produces the more competent reps for that district? It is a more critical number than the ones guiding the Congresses of the past.

To rectify the errors of the past, and actually form a working federation, this nation needs one common set of home districts of a size somewhere between 30,000 to 50,000. County Election Departments, or their equivalent, should have  the responsibility for setting up and maintaining these local, standard districts. Their reps will rule their respective States as well as their nation. County governments should fill state senate seats.  State governments should fill the senate seats in D.C.

Just as soon as this nation can get this system of reps and their national conventions to elect officials, the people can begin to rebuild it. 

Representative Government: the Unsolved Puzzle

The United States is a representative government.  The United Nations is a representative government.  Russia is a representative government. And so is China and maybe a hundred other nations are representative governments.

In the United States, you and I and every other voter, each have five reps who claim to be representing us, personally. Not a single one of them actually do represent us. Rather, they are reps of some political party with which we voters are compelled to establish a relationship. If we want to participate in the governments of our state and nation, we fall in line and do as we are told.

Is this the governing system that the Founders thought they were establishing? Has the world of nations fallen in line with the Founders’ ideas of how people can set up their own representative systems? Or is every nation simply mocking the failed system that the U.S. flaunts as being authentic? What would we have to do to make ours authentic? Better yet, what have we done to destroy authenticity?

Whatever authenticity we had at the beginning was based on the Congressional District that had no more than 40,000 people. How did the Founders come up with 40,000? Good question. Would 20,000 have been better? Who knows?  When the optimum number is finally determined, the nation can have an authentic representative system. They will shop around their manageable local district and choose a rep without any assistance from a political party.

The representative system lost whatever authenticity it had as its corrupt reps expanded their districts by a factor of seventeen times and sometimes distorted their boundaries ridiculously.  Nor were the states any help as they created all the extra, unneeded districts. One standardized set of districts can run the entire federal system of fifty-one governments.

The world’s phony representative systems need to get rid of their partisanship. The way to get rid of partisanship is to reduce the size of each district to the point that local voters can competently use the neighborhood gossiping system to locate their reps. If free and fair elections are held, those reps will be locally derived and authentic.  That is the key to having governments of the people, by the people, and for the people. If County Election Departments were empowered by their State Governments to set up and supervise a system of such districts throughout the nation, the voters would happily abandon their divisive partisan elections system. They would happily tell their five impotent reps where to go.

The Basic Constitutional Issues That Scholars Refuse To Discuss

The foremost issue is federalism, and the failure of the States to achieve federalism.  During the nation’s first hundred years, the States were represented in the U.S. Senate, but only the people were represented in the U.S. House of  Representatives. Apparently, the States could not figure out how to put their own reps into the U.S. House. If States could have figured out that problem, federalism would have been achieved.  The Constitution would have been a success. Well, almost a success, except for one other thing. The States run all elections through their county elections departments. But the responsibilities of county elections departments should come to an abrupt end just as soon as all local officials are elected. Unfortunately, States have not figured that one out either.

We have this thing called “representative government” where the whole election process is constitutionally supposed to change gears and enter into a completely separate system of elections.  They are Electoral College elections, over which the county elections departments should have no jurisdiction at all. The Electoral Colleges do their first jobs at their respective State Capitols, followed by their second job at their National Capitol. When both jobs are done, these colleges will have organized themselves into legitimate working bodies and conducted their own conventions that will have both nominated and elected all executive officers of the entire Federation of the Fifty States. Republicans, Democrats, et al leave their partisan labels outside the door, and follow the wishes of the local district which sent them.

The Founders wisely planned that only a body of elites would manage all the affairs of the Federation. States, from the beginning, have bungled and mangled this constitutional plan for creating a true Federation. They should have said to themselves in the beginning, “Now before we start implementing this Constitution, we must reorganize our people into the Congressional Districts required by the Constitution so that the one elected body of people’s reps are qualified to sit in any legislative body to which they are sent. Thereby, every State Legislature will move right on into the U.S. House of Representatives as well.” Those instructions are just as valid today as two and a quarter centuries ago.

We are one people, deserving one local rep to take care of all governing (for a 2-year term) above the county/city level. Of all the crying and fussing over civil rights, all of us without exception should have that civil right to a local rep of our own. This nation needs upwards of 10,000 of such reps. That is 10,000 Home Districts (Congressional Districts) in which all elections are local contests no more exciting than a shopping trip. The three senators and two house members each of have now, can go take a hike.  The Founders Congressional District is all we need.

Political Scientists, this writer has been evolving this idea for eighty-six years, or since I was age ten.   

The Governmental Units Keeping Western Civilizations Alive

Partisanship is killing Western Civilization.  It launches a person’s rational way of thinking into a mode of irrational thinking.  Common sense goes out the window.  Partisanship happens under the pretense of self-governing, as a people are asked to make unreasonable choices about candidates they know nothing about.

When a people of a local community are asked to elect one of their own to take charge of a local office, the process is a no brainer.  But when those same people are asked to elect someone to a state-wide office, they don’t have a clue about those candidates’ local community reputations. It is emotionally traumatic to even be asked to make a ballot choice under those circumstances. Exacerbating that situation further, the two parties organize mud-slinging campaigns. Such “elections” are tantamount to barbarism. 

The contrast between local vs. state/federal elections is like day and night.  Local elections are intelligently conducted. The others are nasty ordeals. That is why it is said that all elections are local.  Because people deal intelligently with local issues, and irrationally with cleverly contrived state/national issues. That is why the county system stands out as the last great hope of Western Civilization.  It is the highest form of a civilized self-governing system.  Politicized representative systems are nothing more than make-believe self-governing.  

Did the Founders think about this problem? Yes.  Did the Founders have a solution for it? Yes. Would their solution have solved our problem? Emphatically yes! There is no need at all for us to go through the election ordeals that we go through. The Constitution is a far greater instrument of government than anybody has given it credit for. It was supposed to unite the people as one body politic, as well as unite the states as one federation. 

It has failed in both respects. The states treat their people as two bodies politic, thereby creating two legislative bodies with a legal system to arbitrate between the two. It is total nonsense. What the Constitution was saying to the States in 1789 was, “Let’s become one body politic of equalized Congressional Districts. This will give everybody a home district with a rep handling all affairs of State.

Reps will operate the governments of the States in which they reside; then operate the foreign policy work of the States jointly at the nation’s capitol. This will destabilize state legislatures until a satisfactory size of common districting can be worked out. The U.S. House of Representatives will take whatever number of reps that the states finally decide to send. Meanwhile, states must expeditiously set up standardized home districts.”

Those hypothetical instructions went out in 1789. We are now a nation of one hundred times as many people, and the same unfulfilled instructions still apply. The nation ignores the Founders’ convictions about local districting and the Electoral College.  The local district has been consolidated into one that is seventeen times larger. The Electoral College lies damned and essentially unused. Each of us have five useless reps instead of the Founders’ ONE useful rep.

Everybody can find one person to blame for this mess. That person is your local state representative who swore to uphold the above described constitution.  But they have no vision of what must be done to turn the Constitution’s failures into successes. Ironically, state reps would become the movers and shakers of the entire system, if only they had the vision to act. 

The Founders’ Constitutional method of keeping all elections local and civilized and out of the hands of partisans, is the Electoral College. It is the natural enemy of partisans, so naturally the partisans hate it. The Electoral College does in a civilized manner, the same thing that partisans do in a barbaric manner.

The people properly elect the ones going to the Electoral College. At that gathering of electors, the secret balloting system prevails. Roberts Rules of Order prevails. The electors set their own agenda regarding campaigning and public access. Such colleges should be electing the executive officers of all fifty-one governments of the federation.  Every elector will work closely with the people of the district, if the elector wants reelection.  The college’s secret voting will be repeated until the winning candidate gets a majority.

Historians cannot let us forget one of the first Presidential elections, when the runner-up was named Vice President. The two contenders were worst enemies. Experience should bring adaptations for a better performance next time. Unfortunately, experience brought shyster politicians who subverted the college’s function.

Western Civilization would be alive and well in this country if: (1) We lived in a single grid of local districts, and (2) We were allowing Electoral Colleges to operate as intended.  Since we are doing neither, it is dying.

Americans Do Not Trust Their Congress

Ninety-three percent of those recently surveyed said that they do not trust the U.S. Congress.  Actually, it is a poorly designed instrument of government. To say that it represents the people is simply not true. Even as a poorly designed instrument of government, individual members of Congress should have held themselves to a higher standard of personal integrity. 

The Founders were openly doubtful that their brief little Constitution could work among non-Christians.  If today’s Congress were to pass a law against spitting on the sidewalk, it would necessarily have a hundred times more words than the entire Constitution. We live in a paradox having ten times the lawyers of any other society, yet in a nation of Christians claiming to have other means of settling disputes.

Now, to the higher ethical standards our lawmakers should have been observing. Number one is their unfaithfulness to a community size Congressional District of about 40,000 persons, to which they were originally assigned. In a district that size, people can “shop” among candidates just as they “shop” for all their other necessities of life. At each 10-year census, the crooked lawmakers have expanded their districts (and their power) until each district now has 700,000 persons.

These crooked reps have designed their own districts, each gobbling up sixteen other districts that should have their own reps. They horse trade and re-arrange constituencies among themselves, disregarding their duty to a particular constituency. The district may end up looking like a snake or horse shoe. The result of these shenanigans is that most local communities in these humungous districts are represented by foreigners.

The second problem with Congress is that it was never set up as the single law making body of a united people. The Constitution is brief.  It didn’t come with a 300-page manual about how the people shall run their new federation. If those who set up the system in 1789 could have had access to such a manual, it would have told them to first get their own houses in order. Adapt their own governments to the same district that was to rule the federation. Equalize all of their districts in all of their States to conform with the Congressional District idea.

Try to imagine what a smooth-running synchronized system we would have, if all the people were organized into one set of Home Districts (Congressional Districts). One rep from each district should be doing all the governing of the entire federation of fifty-one governments. The fifty Governors and the President would coordinate their calling up of the reps for duty at their respective capitols.

The much maligned Electoral College (fifty-one of them) should employ these Home District Reps as the “electors” who choose all the executive officers of the fifty-one governments. The Founders profoundly feared partisanship such as has deadlocked Congress, and is spreading hate and fear among us.  

We grassroots voters were never expected to run the governments of the federation. The Founders assigned that job to the Congressmen. These “congress people” have never been fully conceptualized.  To run a nation of over 300,000,000 persons, divided into districts of 40,000, requires 8,000 reps.

Would you rather blunder into another civil war, or reorganize the representative system into Home Districts? This November, as you choose your state rep for the next two years, you should be demanding that your rep comply with his superior Constitution which wants his/her people put into one set of home districts. Such a change will put the reps of the fifty states into the U.S. Congress, thereby eliminating the U.S. Congress that satisfies seven percent of the people.

The U.S. Senate is a disgrace since Amendment XVII was passed in 1913. It is easy to conclude that the senators themselves engineered that passage. When the amendment is rescinded, and home districting is accomplished, the people of the local districts will finally be in charge for the first time in the nation’s history.

One  more detail is apropos: Once the home district idea is established, each local county government, or its counterpart, should be put in complete charge of a district’s administration. The district and its boundaries should not be administered by a rep or any combination of reps.  

The United States Senate Is an Imposter of Questionable Origin

For the first hundred-twenty years, this senate fulfilled its constitutional purpose. But a mysterious Amendment XVII found its way into the Constitution in 1913.  It stated simply that senators are now to be elected by the people, totally ignoring that there is no constitutional mechanism for electing them by the people.

The people already had their representatives over in the U.S. House. If the senators no longer wanted to represent their state governments, there was no place for them in the Founders’ scheme of government.  Senators had made themselves irrelevant and without purpose. 

This amendment torpedoed all pretense that a Constitution had federated anything.  Rather, it starkly revealed that we-the-people were now living in Washington, D.C.’s Empire of States, and that this empire would be setting its own course.

Since 1789, when the States demonstrated an inability to set up a working federation, the Constitution has been doomed. Its only purpose was to create the federation.  Since no workable federation has ever been created, neither is the Constitution workable. It’s like passing a law without an enforcement clause. Their fates were inextricably intertwined.  The only relevance either one now has is as idealistic goals. 

The  political climate prior to the election of 2014 appears to be contemptuous more of the Democrats than of the Republicans.  The great political center that fringe groups love to hate, may be about to get another chance to show that they stand for something.  If so, do Republicans have the gumption to lead the great political center through the reforms we must accomplish?

First.  Every community of 40,000 needs its own home district rep. This means that the U.S. House of Representatives shall have 8,000 reps. Those reps will also sit in their respective State Assemblies.  As electoral colleges, they will elect the officials of their respective states plus those in D.C.  As members of their state governments, they will choose U.S. Senators.  Their local county governments will be in charge of setting up their districts for them.  Reps will probably cluster at work stations close to their homes and continue being good community citizens.

Second. State Senates should be composed of delegates from each county government.

Third. The registered voters will vote as usual in all local elections.  What will be different, is that representative government puts local district reps in charge of state and national elections.  They are our chosen elites and will administer the Constitution and the fifty-one federated governments in our behalf.

Do these three things, and all the grief and despair surrounding the failed Constitution and Federation will be over.  After setting up the wonderful system, what shall the people do with it?  There must be something better to do with it than to punish the achievers and reward the non-achievers.  Why not offer to everybody the opportunity to work hard and be proud of one’s self? Why not try to create such an abundance of goods that we are forever grateful.

*****

In reality, all of the representative districts into which voters were registered had lost their local bases, and therefore their purposes.  By 1913, the sizes of all representative districts had been expanded to the point that local communities were turning to Republicans and Democrats to take over the running of the representative system. 

This was the opening the U.S. Senators were looking for as they quietly made their move to also dump their constitutional status.  It did not matter that Amendment XVII provided no mechanism for their election by the people.  Democrats and Republicans had become the new election mechanism and would improvise new balloting.

No true history has been written, of the successive blunders which have brought the electorate to its present demise. The Founders wanted us to have our own community representative.  So why do we have five?  They wanted us to select the rep from among our friends and neighbors.  So why do our ballots list mostly strangers from far away as our choices? I am constantly making choices of who to deal with.  Why can’t my voting choices be equally intelligent? If voting is no more than flipping a coin, why vote? That must be why national elections    in equalized voting districts. We are as happy as a bunch of morons for all the meaningless voting opportunities. Meanwhile, we have allowed our nation to drift into the hands of gangsters, except that we would not know such a gangster if we saw one handing out candy. 

State Governments are totally to blame for this mess. The opposing political gangs of the red states and blue states are in no mood for reorganizing their people into home districts. Nor are they interested in giving up their electoral power to any elite group of reps organized into electoral colleges. However, it may be possible to take another route to home districting and electoral college elections.

Suppose the Republican Party decided to do the right thing in behalf of all the freedom loving agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and commercial workers of America.  Suppose they simply wrote off all the tax leeches such as teachers and postal workers who thrive on the income tax.  Suppose they encouraged good people in every way to help with the local politics of direct democracy, thereby building a strong base of local reps from local home districts.  Suppose they fully supported everybody’s right to work at free market wages.  Suppose they promised every school age child his/her voucher share of all school tax moneys. Suppose they held every parent responsible for the welfare of every child.  Suppose all public assistance were placed into the care of locally elected officials.

Just as soon as they decide the proper size of “a people’s home district,” then register their voters into one national grid of home districts, their people can thumb their noses at Democrats and Republicans.  But will these opposing political gangs of the red states and blue states be willing to bury the hatchet and negotiate? One standard home districting system that replaces Republicans and Democrats with Electoral Colleges on a standard home district? with each other to create a people’s home district system? Two chicks were fighting over a worm, when a hawk spied them.  That hawk is gangster government.

Did The U.S. Senate Perform A Coup On The Body Politic A Century Ago?

Simple Logic Points That Way. 

Amendment XVII to the United States Constitution is most puzzling. It quietly, and without any fanfare, removes the remaining vestige of State Government influence from Washington, D.C., and effectively dissolves any further pretense of federating the States. 

Or, to phrase the action more dramatically, the amendment blew up the federation and firmly installed popular government throughout Washington, D.C.   State Governments were sent packing, with their tails between their legs.  From now on, we-the-people will run our own national government and you state governments can sit there on the sidelines and wither away as we incrementally diminish your importance.

One hundred more years have passed since that time.  Those conspirators knew exactly what they were doing, and achieved it beyond their wildest dreams.  Not only have we-the-people been misled out of the single districting system the Founders thought they were putting us in, but we have been misled out of our states, also.

We have been led into a totally partisan system of statewide elections where meaningless districts are piled on top of each other.  Our so-called reps are chosen for us by partisan conventions, as we dutifully go to the polls every two years to rubberstamp what the partisans did for us.  We are all being “schooled” in the new lockstep that is destined to drive out whatever remaining free spirits who are still among us.   Our lives are becoming more somber, more desperate, as a cacophony of exhortations presses us from all sides.

The Founders thought they were setting us up in districts of about 40,000 people each.  We should be living as communities of 40,000 people live.  Let the neighboring communities do what they want.  We will do what we want.  We are a nation of 8,000 such communities.

We each have our unique governing systems: County, Township, Town, City, or whatever.  Whether 400, 4,000, 40,000, or 400,000 people per community, “equality of governing voices” is the rule for operating the federation of states.  We need to adapt whatever size community we are in, to that rule.  But our local communities, of whatever size, should continue to function as integral communities.

The Founders designed an elections system of equalized voices, all coming from what would today be 8,000 local districts.  All political actions of whatever nature were to originate from those local districts via their local reps.  But the States have consistently refused to organize their citizens into such a set of districts.

Meanwhile, the saboteurs find ways to throw monkey wrenches into the system (Amendment XVII).  Pure logic says the amendment was a conspiracy by the senators themselves to escape the districting system of elections and become blatant politicians. If so, their terms should be shortened to 4 years, one being elected each two years.  Or, really, does the nation need a U.S. Senate?  Eight thousand reps totally committed to their districts’ welfare, should be quite stable.

An Open letter to Jim DeMint

To: President Jim DeMint at the Heritage Foundation

From: Cloyce K. Avey, member of Heritatge Foundation

Jim, you and Heritage Foundation have produced an excellent book that everybody should read.

But, in all seriousness I must ask you, “What’s the point?” You are laying a guilt trip on the electorate, a guilt trip that the electorate does not deserve and should not be laid on them.

Everything in your book points to local communities (their districts) as the ones who should be choosing their fates in the federal system. You literally hold out a dish of wonderful food for them to see and smell and drool over. But it is just beyond their grasp---and there is absolutely nothing they are able to do about it. Until the States put their people in charge, there is absolutely nothing the people can do but bitterly throw up their hands in frustration.

For two and a quarter centuries, they have been forced into a Jekyl/Hyde schizophrenia by their States’ double districting with all their plethora of pecking orders. The people instinctively know that if they were properly organized, they could do much better. Their States are utterly clueless about districting inferences from their Founders. Those who wrote and signed the Constitution had brilliant instincts. Those who implemented the Constitution were just plain stupid in that they did not properly organize their people into the more perfect union. Nor did they have the vision to plan for it at a more suitable time. Equally disgusting, is today’s constitutional scholarship which is as bad as that of the original implementers.

The brilliant instincts of the Founders continue to shout to state governments, “District your people into locally managed, equal-sized districts; then allow the resulting single set of reps to operate the entire federal governing system of states and their national government.” We must dig ourselves out of the existing districting mess, and go back to the original district of 40,000 persons, distributed nationwide.

The Founders were elitists who trusted the grassroots only to elect reps to rule over them---not to participate further except via their reps. They cleverly devised a sophisticated voting system of three levels: (1) Those who elect persons to two-year terms; (2) Those who elect persons to four-year terms (the executives); and (3 Those who elect persons to six-year terms (the senators).

By implication, the states should have mirrored that system. The people’s reps would serve at both places in their designated “houses of reps.” And county and/or city governments would choose their state senators. The reps would collegiately elect all executives.

Instead of state and national conventions to elevate party members into offices, why not turn that job over to the individual districts and allow their reps to gather together and finish the elections?

Your “Falling In Love With America All Over Again” refuses to follow through with the above decisive action to implement its ideas.

If you cannot see the people’s desperate need for reorganization. If you are not in sympathy with that need. What is the purpose of the book? Please see my letter in the April issue of The American Spectator (p.6) on this subject.  

Barnacles

The Founders system has collected many barnacles (distortions and lies).  Did they, or did they not create a tiered system of voting as they created two-year officials, four-year officials, and six-year officials, all according to the political sophistication of the voters involved?  They trusted the grassroots voter to choose a 2-year rep.  They trusted that rep to choose all the 4-year executives with whom he would be working.  They trusted only legislative bodies of reps to choose the 6-year Senators.  Or should that word “trust” be changed to “they constitutionally designated” that elections shall be done in this way?

What has happened to these concepts?  Amendment XVII, the direct election of Senators, comes to mind.  Partisans sneer at Electoral Colleges simply because the two are opposing systems.   States refuse to allow their counties and/or cities to have seats in their Senates. And the ultimate snub to the Founders is the garbage-laden five-representative system that States have imposed upon their citizens instead of the single districting system proposed by the Founders.

HOW INEPT DISTRICTING LEADS VOTERS INTO PARTISAN DEPENDENCY

The Founders’ experiment with representative government was supposed to keep partisan ideologues from gaining control of the system.  Their first districting system placed 40,000 persons in each district. Today, 700,000 people live in each district, and the U.S. Congress is in political deadlock  State Governments, as usual, shrug powerlessly over any prospect of doing anything about the situation.

In fact, State Governments are the only entities with the sovereign power to completely empty out Washington, D.C. and replace the personnel with their own.   Their problem is that they must agree among themselves on whatever plans they want to pursue.

The two-year representative system still has partisan flexibility.  But, since the six-year senatorial system was sidetracked into an election vacuum in 1913, the Founders’ purpose for the U.S. Senate has been absolutely negated.  Its members have become loose cannons who follow only their own personal whims. There is no Constitutional process to effectively control their tenure once they achieve name recognition on their state-wide ballots.  State officials must govern in the shadows of these whimsical beings.   When Amendment XVII is cancelled, they will go away and State Legislatures will again be able to send their reps to the U.S; Senate.  And the people and their State Governments can prepare their districting for a different set of reps who should be sitting in the U.S. House of Representatives.

THE FOUNDATION FOR ALL GOVERNMENT IN THE UNITED STATES

This foundation consists of one nationwide grid of districts from which all other governing emanates. This is practical governing based on no ideology other than that we rule ourselves by using representatives.

The inspiration for this design comes straight out of the philosophical considerations of the Founders. It does not dispute their thinking in any respect. They speculated that these districts be no smaller than 30,000 people. They actually started with 40,000 people, but that size has grown to 700,000 people. Where is the evidence of any studies by anybody that points to an optimum size that gives the best results? Therefore this foundation will arbitrarily use the 40,000 number.

We divide 315,000,000 by 40,000, and create that many districts and that many elected representatives (reps). Call them “local community” or “congressional” districts, or whatever. Those reps become the ultimate rulers of the States and of their Federation.

We consider our States as “sovereign entities,” which charter or license all activities by their sub-entities. States “constitutionalize” their international activities to a federated entity. The one set of reps control their respective state governments and their federated entity.

We are now ready to kick-start the system into operation. This event is so important every two years that it should be an event apart from the other local elections. (This system makes all elections “local.”)

Let’s digress to speculate that the Founders were subtle elitists in that they did not trust the masses beyond their ability to elect reps. The Founders created a three-tier voting system based upon varying degrees of sophistication of the voter. The first-level voter could elect persons for two-year terms. The second-level voter could elect persons for four-year terms. The third-level voter could elect persons for six-year terms. Please keep this in mind as we discuss the elections of all executive officers and the very special elections of senators.

Now, back to kick-starting the system. The freshly elected reps go to their respective state capitols and collegiately elect all the “constitutional” officers of their state. After which, they assemble nationally to collegiately elect a President and Vice-President.

Meanwhile, back in all the counties and/or cities the sub-governments are organizing. States will have constitutionally designated how they shall be organized to choose their state senators. As soon as they are ready, they will choose all the state’s senators. This will be the last step in the people’s election of their state governments.

One more step to completing the election of the national government, is the choosing of its senators. The state governments are now ready to constitutionally (before Amendment XVII) choose their senators who will sit at the nation’s capitol. This nation should no longer tolerate the utter path of destruction Amendment XVII has wrought throughout its governing system. Today’s U.S. Senate is the bad apple that spoils the barrel. Its state-wide, totally partisan election blows away the basic “districting” concept of governing. The districting concept allows the voters of each district to develop their own district attitude which is incorporated in the rep they elect.

The people (their new candidates) can reorganize and adopt the above system only via their state governments. There is absolutely no need for this redundant, contradictory districting mess that is governing us.